Thursday, December 30, 2021

辛亥革命後逃脫的管治DNA—「社會」主義

中國歷代開國皇帝多數非皇族出身,推翻前朝,登上皇位後,受萬民景仰,同時也必遵守由文武百官規管的宮廷律例及制度。皇帝擁有至高無上的權力,但其行為也受宮廷制度約束,自由受到限制。這種矛盾的權力制約是如何維持?中國幾千年來採用的政治制度,以皇帝為核心,而「帝制」 基石是「天子」的神聖地位。皇帝乃「天子」,名正言順,天與人歸,百姓必須服從,但同時「天子」深信自己能登上此位乃是天命在身,其言行自然也應當從規蹈矩。此乃孔子儒家思想中的治國理念,配合君臣父子的倫理道德規範,建構所謂可以長治久安的社會。

中國幾千年歷史已告訴我們,事實並非如此!歷朝歷代都免不了經歷興衰週期,人民總有對政權不滿的聲音,也總有官府以外的民間團體,即所謂「黑社會」在運作,而當政權開始腐敗,管治能力衰落到了極點時,必有民間團體出來反對朝廷,最終某派「黑社會」成功推翻朝廷,改朝換代!這黑幫首領,搖身一變,成為「天子」,一個時代又從新開始!朱元璋如是,魯爾哈赤如是,最終都接受帝制的教化,從黑社會龍頭老大蛻變成名正言順的天子。而本來的黑社會亦升格為朝廷,朝廷等同國家,剷除異己既是保衛國土安全之神聖責任,也同是保障皇親國戚(原來的黑社會群體)永享榮華富貴的合法舉措。夏、商、周、秦、漢、三國、晉、南北、隋、唐、宋、元、明、清,循環不息

至公元1911年,以孫中山為首的「黑社會」推翻滿清,同時廢除皇帝制度。問題在於帝制被廢除後,無規可範,惟繼續以「黑社會」模式經營和管治。經歷一百多年的優化過程,規模宏大,「龍頭老大」改稱「主席」,「紅棍」叫做「總理」,「黑社會」模式亦正名為「社會主義」,但基本元素卻保留至今。例如,傳統「黑社會」要求各環頭從上到下必須絕對忠誠,上級向下級洗腦,各環頭大老利益割據,時不時出現激烈和殘酷的內鬥,元老們在背後仍有話事權,可以指點江山,提拔自己人上位等等;現代「黑社會」大老的夫人們還必需擁有外國護照,身家存放於境外銀行,後路常開以保家人平安等等。

從歷史角度看,自辛亥革命後,中國人的管治DNA逃出了幾千年的帝制樊籠,中國特色的「社會主」模式得以弘揚,人民也終於獲得真正的中國式「民主」和「自由」!但從演進過程的角度來看,一百年、甚至兩百年也只是短暫的過渡期,國特色「社會主」能否持續,達致長治久安,亦有待証明。

2021年12月30日

Sunday, October 24, 2021

英式優雅—II

話說英國「耆英」雜誌本年7月曾致函英女皇的私人秘書 Sir Edward Young,欲頒發「年度耆英」 (The Oldie of the Year) 名銜英女皇。其後,女皇私人秘書助理 Tom Laing-Baker 於8月回婉拒接受該獎項。民間媒體引述回覆,稱女皇不認老,不願意接受「耆英」稱號

翻查紀錄,以往獲頒此銜的知名人士,都不外乎是藝人、慈善家、政客等,若「年度耆英」能蒙英女皇接受,身價必定大幅攀升。所以,說要授予女皇一項榮譽,到頭來究竟是誰叨誰的光?女皇乃一國之君,雖無實權,但身份尊貴區區一個民間銜頭,她怎會稀罕?女皇拒絕接受,實屬意料中事!令人佩服的是 Laing-Baker 代表女皇的回覆,盡室的素養和風度,既要傳達準確信息,同時亦須保持恰當的親民形象

且看 Laing-Baker 的回覆如何巧妙。一開始來個英式幽默,說女皇相信「你覺得你的年紀有多大就有多大」(you are as old as you feel)!即是說女皇有多老與你何干!這裡的 "old" 字可以解作「老」,但亦可解作「年紀」。英文 "how old?" 是問你的年紀,不一定是問你有多老。Laing-Baker 在這裡巧妙的利用 "old" 字的雙重意義,表面上給你解釋女皇對年齡的看法,卻幽默地透露女皇「不認老」的信息。接下來便順理成章的指出,由於女皇不覺垂暮故不能接受「年度耆英」之稱號。雖然明顯是要拒絕接受,卻謙稱「女皇不相信她能符合獲獎的條件 」(Her Majesty does not believe she meets the criteria ...) ,自貶不配,暗表不願!

Laing-Baker 借用女皇不認老的個人意見(是真是假並不重要),幽默之餘,乾淨利落的婉拒了「耆英」的邀請。若尊重女皇的,就不必多問,總之大家心知肚明:女皇對老人獎不感興趣Laing-Baker 的回覆卻非常友善,依然風度十足,祝願主辦機構「早日找到一位能配上此榮譽的賢士」 (Her Majesty hopes you will find a more worthy recipient)。這裡用上 "worthy" 一字來抬舉將獲獎的人,同時藉此主辦機構保持友好關係。結尾時,還不忘給主辦機構送上「女皇至親切的祝福」 ( ... Her Majesty's warmest wishes)。

此信曝光後,讓百姓茶餘飯後取笑95歲的女皇「不認老」,同時令女皇的形象倍加可愛,是公關高招。短短數十字的回覆,盡顯英式優雅

2021年10月24日


Saturday, September 11, 2021

Rogers LS3/5A still the best choice

BBC originally designed the LS3/5A as a studio monitor speaker, and the shoebox size loudspeaker produces impressive sound and has become the best mini loudspeaker in the world despite being a bit pricy, which is understandable as BBC is still imposing a 10% levy from each and every pair sold.

I bought my first pair of Rogers LS3/5A back in 1992, and it fit perfectly in my midget home. Partnering with ROTEL's pre-amp and power amp, the baby loudspeakers have kept making all my friends feel astonished how dramatic yet clean and clear sound could be produced from the small walnut wood boxes. The vocals were the most natural and the midrange was sublime. Compared to my old AR94 which was big and any other model I have listened to, this small British-made loudspeaker has cut the mustard in its brilliant midrange and stereo imaging, except for the very low-range as limited by its woofer size. But I am not a fan of sub-bass or synthesized sounds, and definitely don't feel a loss with less intense bass.

In recent years, my Rogers seemed to begin to lose its magic, and after rounds of primitive tests including replacing cables, trying out different versions of recordings, and eventually installing a new Roksan Blak amplifier which I was told can support the Rogers fantastically, all didn't seem promising!

A psychological unshakable assumption must have prevented me from thinking in terms of the speakers themselves. For years, I kept exploring new suspects, including my own ears. Eventually, I asked my son if the speakers sounded strange to him, and his response resolved all the puzzles. He said he thought I knew they were bad! Then I realized they had aged, and nothing can revert it.

So, I bought a new pair of the exact same Rogers LS3/5A in walnut wood. The moment they got connected up, the first batch of notes from Yoyo Ma's Bach Cello Suites was lively and real, with the low-side midrange sound of the amazing evenness of Ma's playing filling the room. You simply couldn't stop listening until the very end. Then, I switched to Latin American jazz. The vibrant and democratic collaborations of piano, trumpets and drums were all right in front of me, with every instrument so awesomely distinguishable, and again real!

Thank God! All my favourite music, from classic, jazz, to Jacky Cheung's, has now returned!

September 12, 2021

Monday, July 19, 2021

性別、認同、性取向與歧視

性別歧視在上世紀80年代開始受到關注,當時針對的僅是「生物性別」的歧視,即基於生物性別定義對男性或女性在某場合、角色、工作崗位等受到的不公平對待。而同性戀人士所受到的歧視,就一般不納入性別歧視的範圍,甚至有政府官員、議員、宗教團體帶頭歧視,視同性戀者為不道德、反倫理的異類。而事實上,我們的所謂道德標準,是基於對少數人的誤解和對科學的無知,認定他們的行為和取向離經叛道違反道德倫理。上世紀50年代,著名電腦科學家 Alan Turing 的經歷是典型的歧視例子,他被強迫接受治療,蒙受極大的精神及身體虐待,至2009年英國首相Gordon Brown才正式代表國家向已故 Turing 作公開道歉。

過去數十年,科學研究對人的性別問題有了更清晰的了解,證明人的「性別」是不能單憑「生物性別」可以定義出來的。事實上,生物性別自我性別認同、和性取向是三個獨立的屬性。這些屬性是與生俱來,無法改變,莫論後天培養。不少人於對三個獨立屬性存在本性的誤解譬如說,一個人生出來擁有男性生殖器官,生物性別是「男」,就理所當然認為他必定認同自己是男人,但事實上,他對自己的性別認同可以是「男」或「女」。換言之,他自我感覺是男性或女,跟他的生物性別無關,是遺傳因子決定的,不能改變。然而,他的性取向(即他喜歡男生或女生)也是另一獨立屬性

所以,嚴格來說,「性別」可以有8種不同組合*(生物雙性暫不計算在內),這是上天給予我們的,無對錯可言,你也只可接受!雖然大多數人(估計90%)是屬於8種性別中的兩種,即是擁有「男」的生物性別,同時認同自己是「男」性,喜歡「女」性;和擁有「」的生物性別,認同自己是「」性,喜歡「」性。不少屬於這兩種主流性別的人,基於不了解或無知,對其他6種性別的人士產生歧視和敵對的態度。既然是與生俱來,就不存在「鼓勵」和「鼓吹」某種性別和試問若然性取向是喜歡女生的,誰能成功「鼓勵」你去喜歡男生?

歧視,無論是出於偏見、無知或自私,是多數對少數人的欺凌和侮辱,為少數人帶來痛苦。比殘障人士受到的歧視,性眾要面對道德責罵和沈重的社會壓力,長期自我壓制的心理狀態,可想而知。他們一般被稱為同性戀者,但事實沒有這麼簡單,他們對性別有不同的自我認同和取向,在尋找合適的伴侶時,要比主流性別的大眾難上千倍,還要承受社會對他們的誤解和歧視。

香港常以國際大都會自居、以文明先見稱,但主流社會依然漠視小眾應有的權利,把少數性別人士說成一群不道德、毒害年輕人、甚至「危害國家安全」的社會毒瘤。殘障人士、精神病患者、性眾都不是罪犯,他們沒有大多數人的幸運,沒有可以去歧視他人的優勢,只有默默承受被歧視的痛苦。

有些極端宗教人士認為,按聖經的教導,一男一女才可結合,同性戀是違反聖經的教誨,所以理直氣壯的譴責同性戀行為。他們忽略了聖經作為歷史文獻的基本背景,舊約聖經大部份是以預言體寫成,並非事實的描述,是鑒於兩千多年前猶太的社會環境和有限的科學知識,給予人們基本及具權威性的行為規範。然而,新約聖經卻對少數人的平等權利作出了補充,耶穌在講述義人與君王的故事時說:「凡你們對我這些最小兄弟中的一個所做的,就是對我做的!」(瑪竇福音25 : 40)這是聖經對「反歧視」最明確的闡述,耶穌說的「最小兄弟」就是受壓迫的小眾

每一個人都應該有良知和同理心,以往對少數人的誤解,可能是基於對科學的無知。現在還找各種藉口來歧視他人的人,在文明社會已難以立足。香港平等機會委員會前主席周一嶽醫生也曾提出考慮立法保障小眾權益,可惜由於未達社會共識,政府遲遲未有具體行動。最近,某建制議員還高調發表歧視言論,尖酸刻薄,罔顧科學,令人沮喪!政府實在責無旁貸,必須盡快採取行動,雙管齊下,宣傳教育和立法規管為下一代締造更和諧和公平的社會環境。


2021年7月20日

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*性別的基本屬性包括 (1) 生物性別、(2) 自我性別認同、和 (3) 性取向。
(1) 生物性別是「男」的,編碼為「0」;「女」的為「1」。
(2) 自我性別認同是「男」的,編碼為「0」;「女」的為「1」。
(3) 性取向是喜歡「女」的,編碼為「0」;「男」的為「1」。
如果以三種屬性作編碼分類,可能性是 000,001,010,011,100,101,110,111,共8種。最常見的「男」性是 000,而最常見的「」性是 111。 Gay 是 001, 010,011 的統稱,而 lesbian 是 101,110,100 的統稱。由於自我認同不能從外表看出來,導致性取向可能出現對男和女都同感興趣,如果把 bisexual 分開編碼,性別組合就多了8種,即共16種。

Wednesday, July 14, 2021

The Inefficient Court

The first trial under the Beijing's imposed national security law has attracted overwhelming attention of the city. Today is the fourteenth day of the on-going trial. Discussions of the transcriptions have appeared in online media. The lengthy debates between the prosecutor and the expert witnesses have been most educational, and in a way quite entertaining*. The focus has been the meaning of the slogan "Liberate HK, revolution of our times" and its relation with separatism or independence, which is crucial to establishing the intention of the defendant in "inciting others to overthrow the regime", a speech crime allegedly committed by the 24-year-old suspect who carried a flag with the slogan in public. The world heard how the two professors analyzed the words in multi-dimensional contexts involving Chinese history, world history, linguistics, social science, media and communications, and even psychology. And the courtroom became a classroom where the professor explained to students (the humble judges, counsels, and spectators) the statistical concept of 'correlation coefficient' and how it was used to assess the correlation between the slogan and separatism.

Hong Kong is still lucky, having its court open and allowing debates to be heard by the public. Although conviction seems likely, based on the way this Beijing imposed 'law' is written, members of the public could still follow the trial and make their own judgement on this speech crime.

Very soon, the government will become impatient watching such trials and being embarrassed by the prosecutor's lack of better logic. When it has come to a point where this British style common law practice is no longer tolerable to Beijing or simply not efficient enough to achieve a 99% conviction rate, trials in Hong Kong will rapidly adopt the more efficient Chinese way: suspects will be arrested, denied bail by default, locked up, treated (in ways nobody knows exactly what happens), and made to publish an open confession admitting all alleged offences. Courts won't conduct open trials but claim to act according to the law. Of course, everything complies with the law. Members of the public would only need to be informed of the verdict.

Hong Kong will be ruled according to the law (依法辦事), though not necessarily abiding by the rule of law(法治).


July 15, 2021

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*第 14 日審訊 辯方專家證人李立峯繼續作供
**選櫻桃的人 – 譚蕙芸

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